Immunological memory is the basis of protective immunity provided by vaccines and
previous infections. Immunological memory can develop from multiple branches of the …

Antibodies against epitopes in S1 give the most accurate CoP against infection by the SARS‐
CoV‐2 coronavirus. Measurement of those antibodies by neutralization or binding assays …

A subgroup of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 remain symptomatic over three months
after infection. A distinctive symptom of patients with long COVID is post-exertional malaise …

Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant was first identified in November 2021 in
Botswana and South Africa,–. It has since spread to many countries and is expected to …

Background With the continuation of the COVID-19 pandemic, some COVID-19 patients
have become reinfected with the virus. Viral gene sequencing has found that some of these …

Background: Immunoassays for determining past SARS-CoV-2 infection have not been
systematically evaluated in vaccinated persons in comparison with unvaccinated persons …

An increasing proportion of the population has acquired immunity through COVID-19
vaccination and previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, ie, hybrid immunity, possibly affecting the …

Introduction A precise estimate of the frequency and severity of SARS‐CoV‐2 reinfections
would be critical to optimize restriction and vaccination policies for the hundreds of millions …

Objectives Antibody testing against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐
CoV‐2) has been instrumental in detecting previous exposures and analyzing vaccine …

Background: There is insufficient evidence regarding the magnitude and durability of
protection conferred by a combined effect of naturally acquired immunity after SARS-CoV-2 …