The pharmaceutical industry has traditionally employed batch processing as a means of
synthesizing active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) on a commercial scale. Batch …

A process for the continuous extraction of ammonia from anaerobic digesters is proposed. In
this process, a portion of the sludge treated in the digesters is continuously withdrawn and …

A side-stream ammonia stripping system coupled with a full-scale anaerobic digestion plant
is considered. The system is based on an ammonia stripping unit (thin film evaporator, TFE) …

Thin-film evaporator (TFE) is a popular continuous distillation/evaporation technology for
pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries and has several equipment and process …

The separation of multicomponent mixture by distillation is commonly accomplished by
means of a sequence of columns and/or lateral withdrawals on a column. Desirable …

Wiped film evaporators (WFE) or agitated thin film evaporators are efficient equipment for
separating highly thermosensitive and viscous mixtures. There are different approaches to …

Vertical wiped film evaporators (VWFE) have found wide application in chemical, food and
especially, fiber industries. In this paper, a mathematical simulation is represented for the …

Crystal structure, electronic and optical performance of oxygen vacancies defects and Ag-
doped were calculated for SnO 2 (rutile) semiconductor. In this paper, the examines were …

Production of specialty chemicals to-date is conducted in simple, but inefficient large-volume
batch reactors. However, this industry is facing challenges due to supply chain limitations …

The operation of the radiochemical plant is impossible without high-quality automatic control
systems. In the technologies of spent nuclear fuel reprocessing, the method of continuous …