The Th2 cytokines interleukin 4 (IL‐4) and IL‐13 and the heterodimeric IL‐4 receptor (IL‐4R)
complexes that they interact with play a key role in the pathogenesis of allergic disorders …

Interleukins (IL)-4 and-13 play a pivotal role in the pathobiology of type-2 asthma. Indeed, IL-
4 is crucially involved in Th2 cell differentiation, immunoglobulin (Ig) class switching and …

Abstract Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 were discovered approximately 30 years ago and were
immediately linked to allergy and atopic diseases. Since then, new roles for IL-4 and IL-13 …

Background Bronchial asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood,
with a current prevalence of 6% to 9%, but a prevalence that is increasing at an alarming …

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have rapidly become a standard method for
disease gene discovery. A substantial number of recent GWAS indicate that for most …

Continuing Medical Education examination IL-13 is an immunoregulatory cytokine secreted
predominantly by activated TH2 cells. Over the past several years, it has become evident …

Our genome-wide association study of celiac disease previously identified risk variants in
the IL2–IL21 region. To identify additional risk variants, we genotyped 1,020 of the most …

Asthma and asthma-related traits are complex diseases with strong genetic and
environmental components. Rapid progress in asthma genetics has led to the identification …

Bronchial asthma is a complex disorder that is thought to arise as a result of aberrant T‐
lymphocyte responses to noninfectious environmental antigens. In particular, the symptoms …

Background Increases in T helper (Th) 2 cytokine concentrations have been seen in atopic
asthma, with interleukin 4 and interleukin 13 thought to have a role in the physiological …