Increasing evidence points to a central role for immune dysregulation in autism spectrum
disorder (ASD). Several ASD risk genes encode components of the immune system and …

GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter that counterbalances excitation in the mature
brain. The inhibitory action of GABA relies on the inflow of chloride ions (Cl−), which …

The transcriptional underpinnings of brain development remain poorly understood,
particularly in humans and closely related non-human primates. We describe a high …

Brain postnatal development is characterized by critical periods of experience-dependent
remodeling of neuronal circuits. Failure to end these periods results in neurodevelopmental …

Abstract Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) is a phylogenetically ancient neurotrophic
hormone with crucial roles to play in CNS development and maturation. Recently, IGF-1 has …

Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a are important DNA methyltransferases that are expressed in postmitotic
neurons, but their function in the CNS is unclear. We generated conditional mutant mice that …

Proper establishment of synapses is critical for constructing functional circuits. Interactions
between presynaptic neurexins and postsynaptic neuroligins coordinate the formation of …

Activity-dependent plasticity of vertebrate neurons allows the brain to respond to its
environment. During brain development, both spontaneous and sensory-driven neural …

Chronic stress-induced emotional disorders like anxiety and depression involve imbalances
between the excitatory glutamatergic system and the inhibitory GABAergic system in the …

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is a polypeptide hormone structurally similar to insulin. It is
central to the somatotropic axis, acting downstream of growth hormone (GH). It activates …