Abstract Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a persistent metabolic disorder rising rapidly worldwide.
It is characterized by pancreatic insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Hyperglycemia …

The contributory roles of vitamin D in ocular and visual health have long been discussed,
with numerous studies pointing to the adverse effects of vitamin D deficiency. In this paper …

Diabetic retinopathy is a vision-threatening microvascular complication of diabetes and is
one of the leading causes of blindness. Oxidative stress and inflammation play a major role …

The global prevalence of eye diseases continues to grow, bringing with it a reduction in the
activity levels and quality of life of patients, and partial or complete blindness if left untreated …

There have been attempts to evaluate the roles of vitamins for the prevention or treatment of
eye conditions, such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic …

Many Arab women in the Gulf region cover their bodies for cultural and religious reasons,
limiting the skin's exposure to sunlight and therefore its ability to synthesize vitamin D. The …

Vitamin D (VD) insufficiency is common among patients with diabetes in French Guiana. The
study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of VD deficiency in the different type of diabetes …

Purpose To investigate the associations between circulating micronutrients (vitamins A, C,
D, E, and carotenoids) and risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Design Cross-sectional study …

Background and aim Diabetes retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of
diabetes, and it is the main cause of global vision loss. The current observational research …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a diabetes-associated complication characterized by
irreversible deterioration of the microvessels within the retina, leading subsequently to …