Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an economically devastating viral
disease affecting the swine industry worldwide. The etiological agent, PRRS virus (PRRSV) …

Progression of HIV infection is largely dependent on the interaction between the viral factors
and host factors. HIV primarily infects the CD4 lymphocytes in the body. It brings about the …

Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) of macaques isolate SIVmac239 is highly resistant to
neutralization by polyclonal antisera or monoclonal antibodies, a property that it shares with …

It is well documented that removal of the V1V2 region or of the V2 loop alone from the
envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) or simian …

Specific mutations were created in the cytoplasmic domain of the gp41 transmembrane
protein of simian immunodeficiency virus strain 239 (SIV239). The resultant strains included …

Functional activities that have been ascribed to the nef gene product of simian
immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) include CD4 …

Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are extensively used in vaccine development.
Macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV) or simian‐human …

Primary strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are known to adapt to
replication in cell lines in vitro by becoming sensitive to soluble CD4 (sCD4) and …

To date, only a small number of anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)
monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with relatively broad neutralizing activity have been isolated …

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the advances of the envelope glycoprotein (Env)
structure as related to the interactions of conserved Env structures with receptor molecules …