Glutamine is the most abundant and versatile amino acid in the body. In health and disease,
the rate of glutamine consumption by immune cells is similar or greater than glucose. For …

Accumulation of dysfunctional and damaged cellular proteins and organelles occurs during
aging, resulting in a disruption of cellular homeostasis and progressive degeneration and …

Fitness of cells is dependent on protein homeostasis which is maintained by cooperative
activities of protein chaperones and proteolytic machinery. Upon encountering protein …

Stress-response pathways have evolved to maintain cellular homeostasis and to ensure the
survival of organisms under changing environmental conditions. Whereas severe stress is …

As human life expectancy is prolonged, age-related diseases are thriving. Aging is a
complex multifactorial process of molecular and cellular decline that affects tissue function …

Various stress factors leading to protein damage induce the activation of an evolutionarily
conserved cell protective mechanism, the heat shock response (HSR), to maintain protein …

There exists a phenomenon in aging research whereby early life stress can have positive
impacts on longevity. The mechanisms underlying these observations suggest a robust, long …

Protein quality control (proteostasis) depends on constant protein degradation and
resynthesis, and is essential for proper homeostasis in systems from single cells to whole …

Upon stress challenges, proteins/RNAs undergo liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) to
fine-tune cell physiology and metabolism to help cells adapt to adverse environments. The …

Objective Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the
synovial joints. Celastrol (Cel) is a quinone-methylated triterpenoid extracted from …