We now know that cancer is many different diseases, with great variation even within a
single histological subtype. With the current emphasis on developing personalized …

There are many differences in arterial diseases between men and women, including
prevalence, clinical manifestations, treatments, and prognosis. The new policy of the …

Background: Cardiac fibrosis is a key antecedent to many types of cardiac dysfunction
including heart failure. Physiological factors leading to cardiac fibrosis have been …

The incidence of many types of cancer arising in organs with non-reproductive functions is
significantly higher in male populations than in female populations, with associated …

Sex differences between women and men are often overlooked and underappreciated when
studying the cardiovascular system. It has been long assumed that men and women are …

Preeclampsia (PE) results in placental dysfunction and is one of the primary causes of
maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. During pregnancy, estrogen is produced primarily …

Context: Testosterone (T) levels decline with age and lower T has been associated with
increased mortality in aging men. However, the associations of its metabolites …

The genomic, epigenetic and metabolic determinants of prostate cancer pathobiology have
been extensively studied in epithelial cancer cells. However, malignant cells constantly …

Context: Testosterone (T) levels decline with increasing age. Controversy exists over the
threshold for classifying T as low vs. normal in older men. The relevance of assessing …

Androgens affect the cerebral vasculature and may contribute to sex differences in
cerebrovascular diseases. Men are at a greater risk for stroke and vascular contributions to …