Congestion is the main reason for hospitalization in patients with acute decompensated
heart failure and is an important target for therapy. However, achieving complete …

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterised by recurring episodes of upper airway
obstruction during sleep and the fundamental abnormality reflects the inability of the upper …

Background Therapy options for OSA and central sleep apnea (CSA) are limited, thus many
patients remain untreated. Clinically, acetazolamide is sometimes used for CSA; however …

Kidney diseases form part of the major health burdens experienced all over the world.
Kidney diseases are linked to high economic burden, deaths, and morbidity rates. The great …

Both acetazolamide and sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors block sodium
reabsorption in the proximal renal tubule primarily through inhibition of sodium–hydrogen …

Hypochloraemia is a common electrolyte abnormality in patients with heart failure (HF). It
has a strong association with adverse outcome regardless of HF phenotype and …

In searching for new molecular drug targets, Carbonic Anhydrases (CAs) have emerged as
valuable targets in diverse diseases. CAs play critical functions in maintaining pH and CO2 …

Aquaporins are membrane channels in the broad family of major intrinsic proteins (MIPs),
with 13 classes showing tissue-specific distributions in humans. As key physiological …

Objectives: Identify the indications for acetazolamide, both FDA-approved and off-label.
Describe the mechanism of action of acetazolamide. Summarize the adverse event profile of …

This study reviews the renal aspects of diuretic resistance occurring in diuretic treatment,
mostly with loop diuretics of congestive heart failure. A short discussion on the different …