A new synthesis of the Black Sea oceanography is presented, primarily based on studies
carried out in the southern Black Sea, as well as on some recent work covering the entire …

Deposition of marine black shales has commonly been interpreted as having involved a
high level of marine phytoplankton production that promoted high settling rates of organic …

Existing redox classifications and the calibrations of elemental proxies to modern
environmental redox scales are in need of re-evaluation. Here, we review environmental …

Modern low-oxygen marine systems exhibit patterns of molybdenum–uranium covariation
that can be linked to specific attributes and processes of the depositional system, including …

Recent studies have identified a range of new applications of trace-metal concentration data
in the analysis of paleoceanographic systems. In restricted anoxic marine systems, trace …

Double-diffusive convection is a mixing process driven by the interaction of two fluid
components which diffuse at different rates. Leading expert Timour Radko presents the first …

Sedimentary molybdenum,[Mo] s, has been widely used as a proxy for benthic redox
potential owing to its generally strong enrichment in organic‐rich marine facies deposited …

Stable carbon and oxygen isotopes (δ18O and δ13C values) and trace elements have been
applied to the study of diagenesis of carbonate rocks for over 50 years. As valuable as these …

LARGE, rapidly sinking organic aggregates are an important component of the carbon flux
from the ocean's surface to its depths. Marine snow, the main type of large (< 0.5 mm) …

How much dissolved oxygen was present in the mid-Proterozoic oceans between 1.8 and
1.0 billion years ago is debated vigorously. One model argues for oxygenation of the oceans …