Palaeontologists have long sought to explain the diversification of individual clades to whole
biotas at global scales. Advances in our understanding of the spatial distribution of the fossil …

Pteropods are a group of planktonic gastropods that are widely regarded as biological
indicators for assessing the impacts of ocean acidification. Their aragonitic shells are highly …

An ammonite zonation of the Cretaceous period is presented, which largely follows the
Geological Time Scale 2012, with illustrations of several index species. Concepts of …

Ammonites are among the best-known fossils of the Phanerozoic, yet their habitat is poorly
understood. Three common ammonite families (Baculitidae, Scaphitidae, and …

New isolated teeth from the Upper Cretaceous of Ukraine and belonging to the extinct
durophagous shark Ptychodus are described here. The taxonomic identification of the …

Owing to their great diversity and abundance, ammonites and belemnites represented key
elements in Mesozoic food webs. Because of their extreme ontogenetic size increase by up …

Measuring locomotion tactics available to ancient sea animals can link functional
morphology with evolution and ecology over geologic timescales. Externally-shelled …

The chambered shells of cephalopod mollusks, such as modern Nautilus and fossil
ammonoids, have the potential to float after death, which could result in significant …

The impact of increasing atmospheric CO2 and the resulting decreasing pH of seawater are
in the focus of current environmental research. These factors cause problems for marine …

Abstract The Bajocian–Oxfordian Dalichai Formation of the Binalud Mountains (northeastern
Iran) consists of marls, marly limestones and limestones that were sampled and studied in …