Ethanol has been extensively used worldwide as a renewable biofuel to partly substitute
fossil fuels, aiming to reduce pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions. However, due to the …

This paper analyses the current trends in application of biomass-based fuels as a valid
option for heavy-duty transport and discusses their technology readiness levels, cost and …

Urban areas in developed countries are characterized by an increasing decline in air quality
state mainly due to the exhaust emissions from vehicles. Besides, due to catalyst …

Among the alternative fuels existing for spark-ignition engines, ethanol is considered
worldwide as an important renewable fuel when mixed with pure gasoline because of its …

Ethanol, as a fuel for compression ignition (CI) engine, has some advantages over diesel
fuel, and these include the reduction of soot, carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned …

Fossil fuels depletion is a globally main issue because it is the primary transportation fuel.
Furthermore, environmental issues including global warming and climate changes are …

Co-design of alternative fuels and future spark-ignition (SI) engines allows very high engine
efficiencies to be achieved. To tailor the fuel's molecular structure to the needs of SI engines …

High fuel injection pressure systems for Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines have
become widely used in passenger car engines to reduce emissions of particulates and …

The incorporation of alcohol-based fuel is pivotal in attenuating soot emissions arising from
highly reactive hydrocarbon-based fuels. To elucidate the mechanism through which …

Ethanol produced from different raw sources is used for a wide range of purposes, including
as vehicle fuel. In Ethiopia, around 20 million liters of ethanol is expected to be produced …