Understanding the vulnerability of marine calcifiers to ocean acidification is a critical issue,
especially in the Southern Ocean (SO), which is likely to be the one of the first, and most …

The 5th Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC) states with very high certainty that anthropogenic emissions have caused …

'Multiple drivers'(also termed 'multiple stressors') is the term used to describe the cumulative
effects of multiple environmental factors on organisms or ecosystems. Here, we consider …

The speciation and therefore bioavailability of the common pollutant copper is predicted to
increase within the pH range anticipated under near-future ocean acidification (OA), hence …

Rising atmospheric CO 2 is expected to increase global temperatures and partial pressure
of CO 2 in surface waters, causing ocean warming and acidification. These changes may …

As the ocean warms, thermal tolerance of developmental stages may be a key driver of
changes in the geographical distributions and abundance of marine invertebrates …

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are projected to increase in intensity and frequency over the
coming decades, and it is imperative to assess the adaptive capacity of marine organisms to …

In recent years, ocean acidification (OA) caused by oceanic absorption of anthropogenic
carbon dioxide (CO2) has drawn worldwide concern over its physiological and ecological …

Fertilization and early development are usually the most vulnerable stages in the life of
marine animals, and the biological processes during this period are highly sensitive to the …

In the present study, we depict the structural modification of test minerals, physiological
response and ovarian damage in the tropical sea urchin Salmacis virgulata using …