Peripheral nerve injury disrupts the normal functions of sensory and motor neurons by
damaging the integrity of axons and Schwann cells. In contrast to the central nervous …

Behavioural studies are of great importance in increasing our understanding and
appreciation of human and nonhuman animals. In addition to providing knowledge about …

With the advent of transgenic and other genetic engineering technologies, the versatility and
usefulness of the mouse as a model in biomedical research has soared. Revised to reflect …

Genotyping consists of searching for a DNA sequence variation localized at a well‐defined
locus in the genome. It is an essential step in animal research because it allows the …

The primary aim of this report is to assist scientists in selecting more reliable/suitable
identification (ID) methods for their studies. This is especially true for genetically altered (GA) …

In this study, we have investigated the short-and long-term impact of toe clipping, a
commonly used method for marking and simultaneously taking biopsies of pups, which is …

The use of genetically-modified (GM) animals as research models continues to grow. The
completion of the mouse genome sequence, together with the high-throughput international …

Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is used routinely to quantify skeletal tissue mass in
small animal models. Our goal was to evaluate repeated in vivo micro-CT imaging for …

The mouse is the most commonly used laboratory animal, accounting for up to 80% of all
mammals used in research studies. Because rodents generally are group-housed, an …

Abstract Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is responsible for many systemic growth
hormone (GH) functions although it has an extensive number of inherent activities (anabolic …