Every animal species expresses hundreds of different G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)
that respond to a wide variety of external stimuli. GPCRs-driven signaling pathways are …

The visual/β-arrestins, a small family of proteins originally described for their role in the
desensitization and intracellular trafficking of G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), have …

Cardiac fibrosis is central to the pathology of heart failure, particularly heart failure with
preserved ejection fraction (HF p EF). Irrespective of the underlying profibrotic condition (eg …

G protein–coupled receptors are the largest and pharmacologically most important receptor
family and are involved in the regulation of most cell functions. Most of them reside …

Chemokines play crucial roles in combating microbial infection and initiating tissue repair by
recruiting neutrophils in a timely and coordinated manner. In humans, no less than seven …

A great deal of experimental evidence suggests that ligands can stabilize different receptor
active states that go on to interact with cellular signaling proteins to form a range of different …

G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) use diverse mechanisms to regulate the mitogen-
activated protein kinases ERK1/2. β-Arrestins (βArr1/2) are ubiquitous inhibitors of G protein …

In classical G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation, GPCRs couple to a variety of
heterotrimeric G proteins on the membrane and then activate downstream signaling …

Seven-transmembrane receptors, which constitute the largest, most ubiquitous and most
versatile family of membrane receptors, are also the most common target of therapeutic …

β-arrestin1 (or arrestin2) and β-arrestin2 (or arrestin3) are ubiquitously expressed cytosolic
adaptor proteins that were originally discovered for their inhibitory role in G protein–coupled …