There is intense public interest in questions surrounding how children learn to read and how
they can best be taught. Research in psychological science has provided answers to many …

Based on the analysis of 190 studies (18,573 participants), we estimate that the average
silent reading rate for adults in English is 238 words per minute (wpm) for non-fiction and …

Scientific studies of language behavior need to grapple with a large diversity of languages in
the world and, for reading, a further variability in writing systems. Yet, the ability to form …

This article reviews 95 publications (based on 21 independent samples) that have examined
children at family risk of reading disorders. We report that children at family risk of dyslexia …

Is it possible to learn something without being aware of it? How does emotion influence the
way we think? How can we improve our memory? Fundamentals of Cognition, third edition …

Reading of alphabetic writing systems, such as English, has been extensively studied and
most theories and models of reading are based on findings from these studies. This practice …

The authors report a systematic meta-analytic review of the relationships among 3 of the
most widely studied measures of children's phonological skills (phonemic awareness, rime …

Dyslexia is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterised by slow and inaccurate
word recognition. Dyslexia has been reported in every culture studied, and mounting …

This research synthesis examines whether the association between print exposure and
components of reading grows stronger across development. We meta-analyzed 99 studies …

Previous studies have shown that phoneme awareness, letter-sound knowledge, rapid
automatized naming (RAN), and verbal memory span are reliable correlates of learning to …