Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a devastating CNS infection caused
by JC virus (JCV), a polyomavirus that commonly establishes persistent, asymptomatic …

Viruses are highly dependent on the host they infect. Their dependence triggers processes
of virus–host co-adaptation, enabling viruses to explore host resources whilst escaping …

Interferons have prominent roles in various pathophysiological conditions, mostly related to
inflammation. Interferon-gamma (IFNγ) was, initially discovered as a potent antiviral agent …

Viruses are obligate parasites that rely on their host's cellular machinery for replication. To
facilitate their replication cycle, many viruses have been shown to remodel the cellular …

Emerging viral pathogens are a significant concern, with potential consequences for human,
animal and environmental health. Over the past several decades, many novel viruses have …

In new epidemics after the host shift, the pathogens may experience accelerated evolution
driven by novel selective pressures. When the accelerated evolution enters a positive …

Viral seasonality in the aquaculture industry is an important scientific issue for decades.
While the molecular mechanisms underpinning the temperature-dependent pathogenesis of …

Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA hypermethylation, histone acetylation/methylation, or
nucleosome positioning, result in differential gene expression. These modifications can …

While adenoviruses cause infections in a wide range of vertebrates, members of the genus
Atadenovirus, Siadenovirus, and Aviadenovirus predominantly infect avian hosts. Several …

The global aquaculture boom, fuelled by a reduction in wild population and detection of
novel viruses, has created a demanding market, hence, there is a pressing need to …