Carcinogenic N-nitrosamine contamination in certain drugs has recently caused great
concern and the attention of regulatory agencies. These carcinogens—widely detectable in …

The prominence of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in treating superficial skin cancer inspires
innovative solutions for its congenitally deficient shadow penetration of the visible-light …

Exposure to environmental pollutants and human microbiome composition are important
predisposition factors for tumour development,. Similar to drug molecules, pollutants are …

Bladder cancer is the sixth most common cancer in humans. This heterogeneous set of
lesions including urothelial carcinoma (Uca) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arise from …

Intravesical immunotherapy using Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) attenuated bacteria
delivered transurethrally to the bladder has been the standard of care for patients with high …

Abstract The N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN) mouse model is an attractive
model system of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) as it recapitulates the histology of …

The prognosis and treatment of bladder cancer have improved little in the past 20 years.
Bladder cancer remains a debilitating and often fatal disease, and is among the most costly …

High-grade urothelial cancer contains intrinsic molecular subtypes that exhibit differences in
underlying tumor biology and can be divided into luminal-like and basal-like subtypes. We …

Accumulating evidence suggests the idea that chronic inflammation may play a critical role
in various malignancies including bladder cancer and long-term treatment with non-steroidal …

The urothelium is an epithelia barrier lined by a luminal layer of binucleated, octoploid,
superficial cells. Superficial cells are critical for production and transport of uroplakins, a …