The vascular endothelium is a dynamic, functionally complex organ, modulating multiple
biological processes, including vascular tone and permeability, inflammatory responses …

The endothelium plays important roles in modulating vascular tone by synthesizing and
releasing a variety of endothelium-derived relaxing factors, including vasodilator …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including heart and pathological circulatory conditions, are
the world's leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Endothelial dysfunction involved in …

One of the major challenges of cardiovascular primary prevention approach is the absence
of early biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction which may be useful for identifying at-risk …

Endothelial dysfunction is one of the earliest indicators of cardiovascular (CV) dysfunction,
and its evaluation would be of considerable importance to stratify CV risk of many diseases …

The endothelium is recognized to play an important role in various physiological functions
including vascular tone, permeability, anticoagulation, and angiogenesis. Endothelial …

Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) family members are involved in a wide range of diverse
functions and play key roles in embryogenesis, development and tissue homeostasis …

Beta (β) cell dysfunction or loss is the common pathological feature in all types of diabetes
mellitus (diabetes). Resolving the underlying mechanism may facilitate the treatment of …

Endoglin (ENG) is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on endothelial cells that
functions as a co-receptor for several ligands of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) …

Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) superfamily signaling via their cognate receptors is
frequently modified by TGF‐β superfamily co‐receptors. Signaling through SMAD‐mediated …