West Nile virus (WNV)(Flavivirus: Flaviviridae) is the most widespread arbovirus in the world.
A significant range expansion occurred beginning in 1999 when the virus was introduced …

ABSTRACT The recognition of West Nile (WN) virus in the Western Hemisphere in the
summer of 1999 marked the first introduction in recent history of an Old World flavivirus into …

Although the transcription factors IRF-3 and IRF-7 are considered master regulators of type I
interferon (IFN) induction and IFN stimulated gene (ISG) expression, Irf3−/−× Irf7−/− double …

Background The bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientis has been shown to increase
host resistance to viral infection in native Drosophila hosts and in the normally Wolbachia …

West Nile virus (WNV) causes severe central nervous system (CNS) infection primarily in
humans who are immunocompromised or elderly. In this study, we addressed the …

The activation and entry of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells into the central nervous system is
an essential step towards clearance of West Nile virus (WNV) from infected neurons. The …

ABSTRACT Infection with West Nile virus (WNV) causes fatal encephalitis more frequently in
immunocompromised humans than in those with a healthy immune system. Although a …

Pattern recognition receptor (PRR) detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns
(PAMPs), such as viral RNA, drives innate immune responses against West Nile virus …

The C-type lectins DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR bind mannose-rich glycans with high affinity. In
vitro, cells expressing these attachment factors efficiently capture, and are infected by, a …

ABSTRACT Protection against West Nile virus (WNV) infection requires rapid viral sensing
and the generation of an interferon (IFN) response. Mice lacking IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF …