Epilepsy is a chronic neurologic disorder that affects over 70 million people worldwide.
Despite the availability of over 20 antiseizure drugs (ASDs) for symptomatic treatment of …

One of the biggest challenges in the development of therapeutics for central nervous system
(CNS) disorders is achieving sufficient blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetration. Research in …

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder that affects over 70 million people worldwide.
Despite the recent introduction of new antiseizure drugs (ASDs), about one-third of patients …

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are involved in active pumping of many diverse
substrates through the cellular membrane. The transport mediated by these proteins …

Central nervous system (CNS) barriers predominantly mediate the immune-privileged status
of the brain, and are also important regulators of neuroimmune communication. It is …

Astrocytes are key homeostatic regulators in the central nervous system and play important
roles in physiology. After brain damage caused by eg, status epilepticus, traumatic brain …

Substances cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by a variety of mechanisms. These include
transmembrane diffusion, saturable transporters, adsorptive endocytosis, and the …

ABCB1 (MDR1) is one of many ubiquitous adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette
(ABC) genes present in all kingdoms of life that is responsible for cellular homeostasis [1–3] …

ATP-binding cassette transporter B1 (ABCB1; P-glycoprotein; multidrug resistance protein 1)
is an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent efflux transporter located in the plasma …

Epilepsy is common in patients with brain tumours and can substantially affect daily life,
even if the tumour is under control. Several factors affect the mechanism of seizures in brain …