Chromaffin cells (CCs) of the adrenal gland and the sympathetic nervous system produce
the catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine; EPI and NE) needed to coordinate …

Abstract Cav1. 2 L-type calcium channels play key roles in long-term synaptic plasticity,
sensory transduction, muscle contraction, and hormone release. De novo mutations in the …

CACNA1D encodes the pore-forming α1-subunit of Cav1. 3, an L-type voltage-gated Ca2+-
channel. Despite the recent discovery of two de novo missense gain-of-function mutations in …

The cardiac cycle starts when an action potential is produced by pacemaking cells in the
sinoatrial node. This cycle is repeated approximately 100 000 times in humans and 1 million …

Neural firing patterns are critical for specific information coding and transmission, and
abnormal firing is implicated in a series of neural pathologies. Recent studies have indicated …

Micro-Graphitic Single Crystal Diamond Multi Electrode Arrays (μG-SCD-MEAs) have so far
been used as amperometric sensors to detect catecholamines from chromaffin cells and …

The wide applications cause a large amount of rare earth elements (REEs) to be released
into the environment, and ultimately into the human body through food chain. Toxic effects of …

Key points Tymothy syndrome (TS) is a multisystem disorder featuring cardiac arrhythmias,
autism and adrenal gland dysfunction that originates from a de novo point mutation in the …

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) was first identified in
hypothalamus, based on its ability to elevate cyclic AMP in the anterior pituitary. PACAP has …

Adrenal chromaffin cells (CCs) are the main source of circulating catecholamines (CAs) that
regulate the body response to stress. Release of CAs is controlled neurogenically by the …