Biofilms are surface-attached groups of microbial cells encased in an extracellular matrix
that are significantly less susceptible to antimicrobial agents than non-adherent, planktonic …

Many bacteria, both environmental and pathogenic, exhibit the property of autoaggregation.
In autoaggregation (sometimes also called autoagglutination or flocculation), bacteria of the …

Twenty-five years have passed since the discovery of cyclic dimeric (3′→ 5′) GMP (cyclic
di-GMP or c-di-GMP). From the relative obscurity of an allosteric activator of a bacterial …

The persistence of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections in cystic fibrosis (CF)
patients is due to biofilm-growing mucoid (alginate-producing) strains. A biofilm is a …

Biofilms contain bacterial cells that are in a wide range of physiological states. Within a
biofilm population, cells with diverse genotypes and phenotypes that express distinct …

Biofilms—communities of bacteria encased in a polymer-rich matrix—confer bacteria with
the ability to persist in pathologic host contexts, such as the cystic fibrosis (CF) airways. How …

Certain bacterial pathogens are able to evade the host immune system and persist within
the human host. The consequences of persistent bacterial infections potentially include …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes chronic biofilm infections, and its ability to attach to
surfaces and other cells is important for biofilm formation and maintenance. Mutations in a …

SUMMARY A select group of microorganisms inhabit the airways of individuals with cystic
fibrosis. Once established within the pulmonary environment in these patients, many of …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most prevalent pathogen of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung
disease. Its long persistence in CF airways is associated with sophisticated mechanisms of …