Nerve terminals are specific sites of action of a very large number of toxins produced by
many different organisms. The mechanism of action of three groups of presynaptic …

Background: Botulinum toxin has a well-defined role among dermatologists for the treatment
of facial wrinkling, brow position, and palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis. Objective: The …

The toxic products of the anaerobic bacteria Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium butyricum,
Clostridium barati and Clostridium tetani are the causative agents of botulism and tetanus …

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) cause botulism by entering neurons and cleaving proteins
that mediate neurotransmitter release; disruption of exocytosis results in paralysis and …

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) induce muscle paralysis by selectively entering cholinergic
motoneurons and subsequent specific cleavage of core components of the vesicular fusion …

The neuromuscular junction is one of the most accessible mammalian synapses which
offers a useful model to study long-term synaptic modifications occurring throughout life. It is …

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) act within the synaptic terminal to block neurotransmitter
release. The toxin enters the neuron by binding to neuronal membrane receptor (s), being …

Botulism is a potentially lethal disease caused by one of seven homologous neurotoxic
proteins usually produced by the bacterium, Clostridium botulinum. This neuromuscular …

Tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins constitute a family of bacterial protein toxins responsible
for two deadly syndromes in humans (tetanus and botulism, respectively). They bind with …

Tetanus toxin, a member of the family ofClostridial neurotoxins, is one of the most potent
toxins known. The crystal structure of the complex of the COOH-terminal fragment of the …