The interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family of transcription factors play a vital role in the
human innate antiviral immune responses with production of interferons (IFNs) as a hallmark …

The Golgi apparatus serves as a receiving station where proteins from the endoplasmic
reticulum (ER) are further processed before being sent to other cellular compartments. In …

Innate immunity represents one of the main host responses to viral infection.,–STING
(Stimulator of interferon genes), a crucial immune adapter functioning in host cells, mediates …

The tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor (TRAF) family of molecules are
intracellular signaling adaptors and control diverse signaling pathways mediated not only by …

Viral infections remain a global public health concern and cause a severe societal and
economic burden. At the organismal level, the innate immune system is essential for the …

Background Pinene is a monoterpene, that is used in the manufacture of fragrances,
insecticide, fine chemicals, and renewable fuels. Production of pinene by metabolic …

Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the most important aquaculture species farmed
worldwide. However, the recent emergence of tilapia lake virus (TiLV) disease, also known …

Proper activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated signaling and production of
proinflammatory cytokines are critical for the initiation of innate immunity, while the specific …

Some intracellular pathogens are able to avoid the defense mechanisms contributing to host
epigenetic modifications. These changes trigger alterations tothe chromatin structure and on …

As viruses have a capacity to rapidly evolve and continually alter the coding of their protein
repertoires, host cells have evolved pathways to sense viruses through the one invariable …