Background The nutcracker syndrome (NCS) is defined by compression of the left renal vein
(LVR) and may present with a wide variety of symptoms. Due to its rarity in pediatric patients …

Background Ultrasound is the main requested technique for the assessment of traumatic,
vascular, neoplastic, and inflammatory testicular pathology. Moreover, the role of ultrasound …

Objectives: Differentiate gross hematuria and microscopic hematuria. Implement evidence-
based protocols for the evaluation of patients with gross and microscopic hematuria. Select …

Nutcracker and Wilkie syndromes are rare mesoaortic compression entities, and their
association is even less common. Data on interventional treatment of these pathologies are …

Background: Anterior nutcracker syndrome is defined as the compression of the left renal
vein (LRV) between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the aorta, whereas posterior …

Abdominal vascular compression syndrome (AVCS) is caused by the compression of
abdominal blood vessels by adjacent structures or the compression of abdominal organs by …

The nutcracker phenomenon, also known as left renal vein entrapment, occurs when there is
extrinsic compression of the left renal vein, most often between the abdominal aorta and the …

Objective This study aims to evaluate outcomes in nutcracker syndrome patients with
tolerable symptoms and treated conservatively without invasive interventions. Methods This …

Nutcracker syndrome related to the left kidney vein compression is a cause of orthostatic
proteinuria during childhood. Some studies have shown that the ratios between maximum …

Nutcracker syndrome (NCS) is a rare pediatric disease caused by left kidney vein
compression. Besides the “Triade's symptoms”, including hematuria, proteinuria, and flank …