This is the first comprehensive review on methods and materials for use in optical sensing of
pH values and on applications of such sensors. The Review starts with an introduction that …

Porphyrins and related macrocycles have been intensively exploited as sensing materials in
chemical sensors, since in these devices they mimic most of their biological functions, such …

Chlorophylls make Earth green, are the central constituents in the engine of photosynthesis,
and not surprisingly have garnered immense attention. A chlorin, the core chromophore of a …

Abstract pH is an important parameter to indicate the alkalinity level of concrete. The most
severe concrete damages are caused or accompanied by dropping of the alkalinity level …

The replacement of one or more pyrrolic building block (s) of a porphyrin by a nonpyrrolic
heterocycle leads to the formation of so-called pyrrole-modified porphyrins (PMPs) …

Abstract Cement-based materials (CBMs), such as paste, mortar and concrete, are highly
alkaline with an initial high pH of approximately 12.0 to 13.8. CBMs have a high pH due to …

The design, development and evaluation of an optical fibre pH sensor for monitoring pH in
the alkaline region are discussed in detail in this paper. The design of this specific pH …

Conspectus Chlorophylls, known as the key building blocks of natural light-harvesting
antennae, are essential to utilize solar energy from visible to near-infrared (NIR) region …

Conspectus Naturally occurring porphyrins and hydroporphyrins vary with respect to their
ring substituents and oxidation states, but their tetrapyrrolic frameworks remain fully …

Construction of GdIII photosensitizers is important for designing theranostic agents owing to
the unique properties arising from seven unpaired f electrons of the Gd3+ ion. Combining …