The hydrogen 21-cm signal is predicted to be the richest probe of the young Universe,
including those eras known as the cosmic Dark Ages, the Cosmic Dawn (when the first star …

The presence of an abundant population of low-frequency photons at high redshifts (such as
a radio background) can source leading order effects on the evolution of the matter and spin …

ABSTRACT X-ray binaries (XRBs) are thought to regulate cosmic thermal and ionization
histories during the Epoch of Reionization and Cosmic Dawn (z∼ 5–30). Theoretical …

The gravitational wave (GW) signal from binary black hole (BBH) mergers is a promising
probe of Population III (Pop III) stars. To fully unleash the power of the GW probe, one …

The early Universe, spanning 400 000 to 400 million years after the big bang (z≈ 1100–11),
has been left largely unexplored as the light from luminous objects is too faint to be …

The 21-cm signal from cosmic hydrogen is one of the most propitious probes of the early
Universe. The detection of this signal would reveal key information about the first stars, dark …

It is expected that cosmic rays (CRs) escape from high-redshift galaxies at redshift z∼ 10–
20 because CRs are accelerated by supernova remnants of the first stars. Although …

Constraints on the potential properties of superconducting cosmic strings provide an indirect
probe of physics beyond the standard model at energies inaccessible to terrestrial particle …

ABSTRACT The Cosmic Dawn was marked by the formation of the first stars, and preceded
the Epoch of Reionization (EoR), when the Universe underwent a fundamental …

ABSTRACT X-ray photons can penetrate deep into the intergalactic medium (IGM), leading
to pre-heating of the IGM prior to cosmic reionization. X-ray pre-heating wipes out some of …