Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) are protein transport nanomachines that are found in
Gram-negative bacterial pathogens and symbionts. Resembling molecular syringes, T3SSs …

The vimentin gene (VIM) encodes one of the 71 human intermediate filament (IF) proteins,
which are the building blocks of highly ordered, dynamic, and cell type-specific fiber …

Vimentin, an abundant cytoplasmic intermediate filament protein, is recognized for its
important role in stabilizing intracellular structure. Vimentin has been recognized for its …

Shigella is a major cause of bacillary dysentery world-wide. It is divided into four species,
named S. flexneri, S. sonnei, S. dysenteriae, and S. boydii, which are distinct genomically …

Microbial pathogens possess a diversity of weapons that disrupt host homeostasis and
immune defenses, thus resulting in the establishment of infection. The best-characterized …

Shigella spp. are diarrheal pathogens closely related to Escherichia coli. They are named
after Kiyoshi Shiga, who in 1898 identified its most virulent member, Shigella dysenteriae, as …

A variety of intracellular bacteria modulate the host cytoskeleton to establish subcellular
niches for replication. However, the role of intermediate filaments, which are crucial for …

Endotoxin—bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)—is a driver of lethal infection sepsis through
excessive activation of innate immune responses. When delivered to the cytosol of …

Shigella spp. are one of the leading causes of infectious diarrheal diseases. They are
Escherichia coli pathovars that are characterized by the harboring of a large plasmid that …

Shigella spp. are the causative agent of shigellosis (or bacillary dysentery), a diarrhoeal
disease characterized for the bacterial invasion of gut epithelial cells. Among the 4 species …