Increased urbanization represents a formidable challenge for wildlife. Nevertheless, a few
species appear to thrive in the evolutionarily novel environment created by cities …

The interaction between predator and prey is an evolutionary arms race, for which early
detection by either party is often the key to success. In aquatic ecosystems, olfaction is an …

Predation is one of the most important selection pressures acting on prey behaviour. While
numerous studies have shown that when predation risk is high, prey tend to increase …

An emerging hypothesis of animal personality posits that animals choose the habitat that
best fits their personality, and that the match between habitat and personality can facilitate …

Prey animals often have to face a dynamic tradeoff between the costs of antipredator
behavior and the benefits of other fitness-related activities such as foraging and …

Several studies showed that animals allow closer approaches (measured through flight
initiation distances, FIDs) by potential predators (eg, humans) in high–predator density …

Animals live in complex environments in which predation risk and food availability change
over time. To deal with this variability and maximize their survival, animals should take into …

Human-induced rapid environmental changes challenge individuals by creating
evolutionarily novel scenarios, where species encounter novel enemies, the new species …

Perceived predation risk and the resulting antipredator behaviour varies across space, time
and predator identity. Communities with multiple predators that interact and differ in their use …

Predation is a strong selective force with both direct and indirect effects on an animal's
fitness. In order to increase the chances of survival, animals have developed different …