Background Over the past 2 decades, the use of intravenous ketamine infusions as a
treatment for chronic pain has increased dramatically, with wide variation in patient …

Background Inadequate pain management after surgery increases the risk of postoperative
complications and may predispose for chronic postsurgical pain. Perioperative ketamine …

Background Ketamine infusions have been used for decades to treat acute pain, but a
recent surge in usage has made the infusions a mainstay of treatment in emergency …

Objectives: This review presents and discusses basic science findings and scientific
evidence generated within the last 2 decades in the field of acute postoperative pain …

Background Delirium is a common mental disorder, which is distressing and has serious
adverse outcomes in hospitalised patients. Prevention of delirium is desirable from the …

Most patients who undergo surgery recover uneventfully and resume their normal daily
activities within weeks. Nevertheless, chronic postsurgical pain develops in an alarming …

Objective As an analgesic and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, ketamine has
been increasingly used as an adjunct in the management of acute perioperative pain …

Ketamine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonist, blunts central pain sensitization at sub-
anesthetic doses (0.3 mg/kg or less) and has been studied extensively as an adjunct for …

BACKGROUND Complex spinal procedures are associated with intense pain in the
postoperative period. Adequate peri-operative pain management has been shown to …

This is the third edition of Acute Pain Management: Scientific Evidence. The first two were
published in 1999 and 2005, respectively. This third edition sums up the evidence currently …