Locomotor behaviors are critical for survival and enable animals to navigate their
environment, find food and evade predators. The circuits in the brain and spinal cord that …

The spinal cord contains networks of neurons that can produce locomotor patterns. To
readily respond to environmental conditions, these networks must be flexible yet at the same …

In order to localize the neural circuits involved in generating behaviors, it is necessary to
assign activity onto anatomical maps of the nervous system. Using brain registration across …

The copper hydroxide [Cu (OH) 2] nanopesticide is an emerging agricultural chemical that
can negatively impact aquatic organisms. This study evaluated the behavioral changes of …

The hypothalamus is composed of many neuropeptidergic cell populations and directs
multiple survival behaviors, including defensive responses to threats. However, the …

The zebrafish larva stands out as an emergent model organism for translational studies
involving gene or drug screening thanks to its size, genetics, and permeability. At the larval …

Pharmacological studies in mammals suggest that norepinephrine (NE) plays an important
role in promoting arousal. However, the role of endogenous NE is unclear, with contradicting …

Coordinated development of brain stem and spinal target neurons is pivotal for the
emergence of a precisely functioning locomotor system. Signals that match the development …

The hypothalamic A11 region has been identified in several species including rats, mice,
cats, monkeys, zebrafish, and humans as the primary source of descending dopamine (DA) …

Objectives Exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF), a neurotoxic insecticide, is implicated with
adverse neurodevelopmental effects in children through noncholinergic mechanisms …