Intracellular parasitism has arisen only a few times during the long ancestry of protozoan
parasites including in diverse groups such as microsporidians, kinetoplastids, and …

The definition of a biomarker provided by the World Health Organization is any substance,
structure, or process that can be measured in the body, or its products and influence, or …

The development of classically activated monocytic cells (M1) is a prerequisite for effective
elimination of parasites, including African trypanosomes. However, persistent activation of …

Chagas disease is caused by infection with the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and affects
over 8 million people worldwide. In spite of a powerful innate and adaptive immune …

Host genetic factors have frequently been implicated in respiratory infectious diseases, often
with inconsistent results in replication studies. We identified 386 studies from the total of …

Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, affects several
million people in Latin America. Myocarditis, observed in the acute and chronic phases of …

During Trypanosoma cruzi infection, macrophages phagocytose parasites and remove
apoptotic cells through efferocytosis. While macrophage 1 (M1) produces proinflammatory …

Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiologic agent of Chagas' disease, which affects 6–7 million
people worldwide. Different strains of T. cruzi present specific genotypic and phenotypic …

The lack of an accurate diagnosis has been a serious obstacle to the advancement of the
anti-Trypanosoma cruzi chemotherapy and long-term infection can result in different health …

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies are well known for their role in allergic diseases and for
contributions to antiparasitic immune responses. Properties of this antibody class that …