Introduction Floating marine litter (FML) is a global problem with significant risks to marine
life and human health. In semi-enclosed basins like the Black Sea, slow water …

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) have recently been at the forefront of climate research due to
their devastating impacts on the marine environment. In this study, we have evaluated the …

This study analyzed the past wave climate of the Black Sea region for the period from 1988
to 2021. The wave field has been simulated using the state-of-the-art, third-generation wave …

Inter-basin water exchanges can be quite important in climatic-scale numerical studies
simulating the circulation and hydrographic characteristics of neighboring oceanic basins …

Mesoscale eddies have an impact on the marine environment mainly in two areas, namely,
currents and changes in the sound velocity gradient due to temperature and salt stirring. The …

This observational study is concerned with the seasonal variability of near-inertial internal
waves (NIWs) in the central part of the Black Sea. Rotary spectral analysis of the nearly year …

Accurate wind wave data is essential for ship navigation, safety at sea, and offshore energy
production. Access to real-time and forecast wave data, with quality metrics, is vital for …

Abstract The Mediterranean Forecasting System produces operational analyses and
reanalyses and 10 d forecasts for many essential ocean variables (EOVs), from currents …

The article presents observations of near-inertial internal waves (NIWs) in the slope waters
of the Black Sea in winter and summer. Rotary spectral analysis of a time series of sea …

Operational oceanography is maturing rapidly. Its related capabilities are being noticeably
enhanced in response to a growing demand for regularly updated ocean information. Today …