Energy deficit is characterised by high ghrelin levels, and low leptin and insulin levels and
we suggest that this provides a metabolic signature sensed by the brain to increase …

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and its major downstream target within the basal ganglia—the
rostromedial caudate nucleus (rmCD)—are involved in reward-value processing and goal …

Serotonin (5-HT) deficiency is a core biological pathology underlying depression and other
psychiatric disorders whose key symptoms include decreased motivation. However, the …

The nonhuman primate (NHP) constitutes an extraordinarily important model in
neuroscience research for understanding the neuronal underpinnings of perceptual, motor …

It has been widely accepted that dopamine (DA) plays a major role in motivation, yet the
specific contribution of DA signaling at D1-like receptor (D1R) and D2-like receptor (D2R) to …

The term 'temporal discounting'describes both choice preferences and motivation for
delayed rewards. Here we show that neuronal activity in the dorsal part of the primate …

Hunger and thirst drive animals' consumption behavior and regulate their decision-making
concerning rewards. We previously assessed the thirst states of monkeys by measuring …

We studied how value for instrumental action is discounted by predicted effort and delay.
The monkeys were trained to perform instrumental trials that required a bar release when a …

We developed a clinical assessment tool for use in an NHP radiation model to 1) quantify
severity responses for subsyndromes of the acute radiation syndrome (ARS; that is …

The hypothesis that free access to food might reduce food-related aggression in shelter
dogs was tested. Dogs that exhibited food-related aggression in a standardized assessment …