The current epidemic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has produced a
worldwide health care burden, approaching that imposed by transmittable infectious …

Numerous epidemiological studies have consistently linked the presence of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to the development of lung cancer, independently of …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by chronic inflammation of
the airways and progressive destruction of lung parenchyma, a process that in most cases is …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), comprised of pulmonary emphysema,
chronic bronchitis, and structural and inflammatory changes of small airways, is a leading …

Rationale: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive, smoking-
related, inflammatory lung disease in which tumor necrosis factor-α is overexpressed and …

α-1 Antitrypsin (A1AT) is an abundant circulating serpin with a postulated function in the lung
of potently inhibiting neutrophil-derived proteases. Emphysema attributable to A1AT …

Emphysema is one manifestation of a group of chronic, obstructive, and frequently
progressive destructive lung diseases. Cigarette smoking and air pollution are the main …

We previously reported that macrophage exposure to attenuated strains of pathogenic
mycobacteria at multiplicities of infection (MOI)≤ 10 triggers TNF-α-mediated apoptosis …

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), a proinflammatory cytokine, is elevated in cigarette smokers. To
determine whether IL-1β plays a role in the pathogenesis of cigarette smoke–induced …

Viral infections have more severe consequences in patients who have been exposed to
cigarette smoke (CS) than in those not exposed to CS. For example, in chronic obstructive …