Abstract Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interleukin-23 (IL-23), which belong to the IL-12 family of
cytokines, have a key role in intestinal homeostasis and inflammation and are implicated in …

In primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS), chronic inflammation of exocrine glands results in tissue
destruction and sicca symptoms, primarily of the mouth and eyes. Fatigue, arthralgia and …

The development of immunotherapeutic monoclonal antibodies targeting checkpoint
inhibitory receptors, such as programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), or their ligands, such as PD …

The immune system has tailored its effector functions to optimally respond to distinct species
of microbes. Based on emerging knowledge on the different effector T-cell and innate …

Type 2 immune responses are defined by the cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-9 and IL-
13, which can either be host protective or have pathogenic activity. Type 2 immunity …

Licorice extract is a Chinese herbal medication most often used as a demulcent or elixir. The
extract usually consists of many components but the key ingredients are glycyrrhizic (GL) …

During the past two decades, interleukin-12 (IL-12) has emerged as one of the most potent
cytokines in mediating antitumor activity in a variety of preclinical models. Through …

The gastrointestinal tract is a site of high immune challenge, as it must maintain a delicate
balance between tolerating luminal contents and generating an immune response toward …

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease of humans, highly prevalent in parts of the tropics,
subtropics, and southern Europe. The disease mainly occurs in three different clinical forms …

Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the complex
interaction of genetic, immune and environmental factors. There have many recent …