Neuroimagingstudies with positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI) have begun to describe the functional neuroanatomy of emotion …

Here we provide a review of the animal and human literature concerning the role of the
amygdala in fear conditioning, considering its potential influence over autonomic and …

Recently, there has been a convergence in lesion and neuroimaging data in the
identification of circuits underlying positive and negative emotion in the human brain …

The organization of response systems in emotion is founded on two basic motive systems,
appetitive and defensive. The subcortical and deep cortical structures that determine primary …

Startle is a fast response to sudden, intense stimuli and probably protects the organism from
injury by a predator or by a blow. The acoustic startle response (ASR) of mammals is …

After a few pairings of a threatening stimulus with a formerly neutral cue, animals and
humans will experience a state of conditioned fear when only the cue is present …

Objective: To provide an overview of startle reflex methodologies applied to the examination
of emotional and motivational states in humans and to review the findings in different forms …

This review describes the neuronal mechanisms underlying the mediation and modulation
of the acoustic startle response (ASR) in rats. The combination of anatomical, physiological …

This review will focus on a motivational circuit in the brain, centered on the amygdala, that
underlies human emotion. This neural circuitry of appetitive/approach and …

The objective of this chapter is to present current knowledge about musical emotions from a
neuropsychological perspective. Understanding the biological origin of musical emotions …