Confocal microscopy uses a confocal aperture in front of a detector to eliminate out-of-focus
blur, providing optical sectioning, high spatial resolution, and high contrast. It enables …

Cutaneous malignancies are common malignancies worldwide, with rising incidence. Most
skin cancers, including melanoma, can be cured if diagnosed correctly at an early stage …

We have developed a low-cost, chromatic confocal endomicroscope (CCE) that can image a
cross-section of the tissue at cellular resolution. In CCE, a custom miniature objective lens …

We developed a spectrally-encoded, line reflectance confocal microscope (RCM) that uses
a rotating diffuser to rapidly modulate the illumination speckle pattern. The speckle …

Background and Objective Portable confocal microscopy (PCM) is a low‐cost reflectance
confocal microscopy technique that can visualize cellular details of human skin in vivo …

Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a non-invasive imaging method that can
visualize cellular details of the skin in vivo1. Through multiple clinical studies, RCM has …

A low cost and reusable illumination source having low spatial coherency and a high value
of photon degeneracy (δ) is an ideal choice for applications in speckle-free imaging of …

We present the development of a simple, handheld cross‐polarised microscope (CPM) and
demonstration of imaging individual pigmented cells in human skin in vivo. In the CPM …

Spectrally encoded confocal microscopy (SECM) is a high-speed reflectance confocal
microscopy technique. Here, we present a method to integrate optical coherence …

Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is an optically transparent nematode that shares many
gene orthologs and homologs with humans. C. elegans are widely used in large populations …