Electronic noses have potential applications in daily life, but are restricted by their bulky size
and high price. This review focuses on the use of chemiresistive gas sensors, metal-oxide …

The phase-sensitive detection (PSD), popularly referred to as lock-in amplifier (LIA) has
been around for quite a long time. Lock-in amplifier has been quite a versatile measurement …

With the development of science and technology, gas sensors have gradually expanded to
many vertical fields. However, each application requires different technical requirements for …

This paper presents the design and experimental characterization of a portable high-
precision single-phase lock-in instrument with phase adjustment. The core consists of an …

Nonlinear contact between tip and sample in tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM)
systems induces higher harmonics, which may be useful for extraction of some …

The recovery of signal under the presence of noise is utmost essential for proper
communication. The signals corrupted due to noise can be recovered using various …

In this paper, we present a new fully analog integrated lock-in amplifier (LIA) for the accurate
detection and the measurement of small, slow, and noisy signals, typical of sensors. The …

A near-infrared (NIR) dual-channel differential acetylene (C 2 H 2) detection system was
experimentally demonstrated based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy …

Owing to the extreme complexity of detecting weak signals submerged in chaotic
interference, traditional neural network detection methods based on hypothesis testing are …

Dual-phase lock-in amplifiers (LIAs) are designed to extract information (amplitude and
phase) from signals buried in high noise levels. In spite of their popularity, their use has …