Purpose A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify the lean principles
and the challenges of building refurbishment. To have an in-depth investigation of the …

Construction can be considered a socio-technical system, which is challenging to model due
to the many agents interacting either in a managed way or autonomously. Therefore, cause …

Construction labor productivity has always been a key focus point in construction
management, particularly for the operational part of the management, ie, the site managers …

Abstract The Work Sampling (WS) technique, used worldwide to understand how workers
spend their time, represents a time-consuming and costly activity. Therefore, several …

The concept of lean originated with the Toyota Production System, but the idea of applying
lean to renovation is relatively unknown. Previous studies have predominately focused on …