This article is a tutorial review of the interaction between energetic particles and Alfvén
eigenmodes (AEs) which is one of the important research issues for fusion burning plasmas …

Nonlinear wave–wave coupling constitutes an important route for the turbulence spectrum
evolution in both space and laboratory plasmas. For example, in a reactor relevant fusion …

Alpha particles with energies on the order of megaelectronvolts will be the main source of
plasma heating in future magnetic confinement fusion reactors. Instead of heating fuel ions …

In recent years tokamak experiments and modelling have increasingly indicated that the
interaction between suprathermal (fast) ions and thermal plasma can lead to a reduction of …

Fast ions' effects on turbulence-driven zonal flow generation are investigated in the context
of a simple reduced model based on the Hasegawa–Mima equation. Fast ions' much higher …

This paper presents a mechanism for enhanced regulation of drift wave turbulence by zonal
flows in the presence of a fast ion population. It demonstrates that dilution effects due to the …

In strong electromagnetic regimes, gyrokinetic simulations have linked a substantial ion-
scale turbulence stabilization to the presence of supra-thermal particles, capturing …

The nonlinear dynamics of beta-induced Alfvén eigenmodes (BAEs) driven by energetic
particles (EPs) in the presence of ion-temperature-gradient turbulence is investigated, by …

Gyrokinetic simulations of the fishbone instability in DIII-D tokamak plasmas find that self-
generated zonal flows can dominate the nonlinear saturation by preventing coherent …

Geodesic acoustic modes (GAM) are oscillating zonal structures unique to toroidal plasmas,
and have been extensively studied in the past decades due to their potential capabilities of …