The subject of crystal engineering started in the 1970s with the study of topochemical
reactions in the solid state. A broad chemical definition of crystal engineering was published …

The amorphous solid state offers an improved apparent solubility and dissolution rate.
However, due to thermodynamic instability and recrystallization tendencies during …

Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class II and IV drugs suffer from poor
aqueous solubility and hence low bioavailability. Most of these drugs are hydrophobic and …

In recent years, the coamorphous drug delivery system has been established as a promising
formulation approach for delivering poorly water-soluble drugs. The coamorphous solid is a …

Citric acid, a tricarboxylic acid, has found wide application in the chemical and
pharmaceutical industry due to its biocompatibility, versatility, and green, environmentally …

Introduction Most new drug candidates under development are poorly water-soluble, which
are related to multiple pharmaceutical issues, increasing the bioavailability of these drugs by …

Co-crystals are one of the most popular ways to modify the physicochemical properties of
active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) without changing pharmacological activity through …

Co-amorphous drug delivery systems are evolving as a credible alternative to amorphous
solid dispersions technology. In Co-amorphous systems (CAMs), a drug is stabilized in …

Recently, pharmaceutical cocrystals have gained immense interest because of their
potential to tune mechanical, pharmacokinetic, and physicochemical properties of active …

An increased interest in using amorphous solid forms in pharmaceutical applications to
increase solubility, dissolution, and bioavailability has generated a need for better …