Abstract Iron-sulfur (Fe/S) proteins are present in virtually all living organisms and are
involved in numerous cellular processes such as respiration, photosynthesis, metabolic …

Plastids and mitochondria each arose from a single endosymbiotic event and share many
similarities in how they were reduced and integrated with their host. However, the …

Diatoms are unicellular algae with plastids acquired by secondary endosymbiosis. They are
responsible for∼ 20% of global carbon fixation. We report the 34 million–base pair draft …

Chloroplasts were once free-living cyanobacteria that became endosymbionts, but the
genomes of contemporary plastids encode only≈ 5–10% as many genes as those of their …

Molecular phylogenetics has revolutionized our knowledge of the eukaryotic tree of life. With
the advent of genomics, a new discipline of phylogenetics has emerged: phylogenomics …

Small, compact genomes of ultrasmall unicellular algae provide information on the basic
and essential genes that support the lives of photosynthetic eukaryotes, including higher …

Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites infesting many animal groups. Lacking
mitochondria and peroxysomes, these unicellular eukaryotes were first considered a deeply …

Cryptophyte and chlorarachniophyte algae are transitional forms in the widespread
secondary endosymbiotic acquisition of photosynthesis by engulfment of eukaryotic algae …

Throughout the natural world, organisms have responded to predators, inadequate
resources, or inclement conditions by forming ongoing mutually beneficial partnerships--or …

In 1981 I established kingdom Chromista, distinguished from Plantae because of its more
complex chloroplast-associated membrane topology and rigid tubular multipartite ciliary …