A large scholarship currently holds that before the onset of anthropogenic global warming,
natural climatic changes long provoked subsistence crises and, occasionally, civilizational …

The role of seasonality is indisputable in climate and ecosystem dynamics. Seasonal
temperature and precipitation variability are of vital importance for the availability of food …

An extensive new multi-proxy database of paleo-temperature time series (Temperature 12k)
enables a more robust analysis of global mean surface temperature (GMST) and associated …

Reproducible climate reconstructions of the Common Era (1 CE to present) are key to
placing industrial-era warming into the context of natural climatic variability. Here we present …

Most annually resolved climate reconstructions of the Common Era are based on terrestrial
data, making it a challenge to independently assess how recent climate changes have …

Abstract The Pacific Walker circulation (PWC) has an outsized influence on weather and
climate worldwide. Yet the PWC response to external forcings is unclear,, with empirical data …

Hundreds of coral paleoclimate records have been developed over the past several
decades, significantly extending the instrumental record and improving our understanding of …

Speleothems have become a cornerstone of the approach to better understanding Earth's
climatic teleconnections due to their precise absolute chronologies, their continuous or …

Paleoclimate observations constitute the only constraint on climate behavior prior to the
instrumental era. However, such observations only provide indirect (proxy) constraints on …

The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) shapes global climate patterns yet its sensitivity to
external climate forcing remains uncertain. Modeling studies suggest that ENSO is sensitive …