The approval of the first immune checkpoint inhibitors provided a paradigm shift for the
treatment of malignancies across a broad range of indications. Whereas initially, single …

Abstract Lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) is an inhibitory receptor that is highly
expressed by exhausted T cells. LAG-3 is a promising immunotherapeutic target, with more …

Cancers are highly complex diseases that are characterized by not only the overgrowth of
malignant cells but also an altered immune response. The inhibition and reprogramming of …

The transformative success of antibodies targeting the PD-1 (programmed death 1)/B7-H1
(B7 homolog 1) pathway (anti-PD therapy) has revolutionized cancer treatment. However …

Immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies represent a paradigm shift in the treatment of
human cancers; however, it remains incompletely understood how tumor-reactive T cells …

Cancer immunity, and the potential for cancer immunotherapy, have been topics of scientific
discussion and experimentation for over a hundred years. Several successful cancer …

The discovery and clinical implementation of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting
CTLA4, PD-1 and PD-L1 has revolutionized the treatment of cancer, as recognized by the …

The discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has now been universally
acknowledged as a significant breakthrough in tumor therapy after the targeted treatment of …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent disease with a progression that is modulated
by the immune system. Systemic therapy is used in the advanced stage and until 2017 …

Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) include tumor cells, immune cells, cytokines, etc.
The interactions between these components, which are divided into anti-tumor and pro …