Background and Purpose: The diverse causes of right-sided heart failure (RHF) include,
among others, primary cardiomyopathies with right ventricular (RV) involvement, RV …

Venous congestion has emerged as an important cause of renal dysfunction in patients with
cardiorenal syndrome. However, only limited progress has been made in differentiating this …

We propose that stage D advanced heart failure be defined as the presence of progressive
and/or persistent severe signs and symptoms of heart failure despite optimized medical …

Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) evolved from an engineering dream to clinical reality
during the 1980s when increasing numbers of patients were dying on heart transplant wait …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an obstructive pulmonary vasculopathy,
characterized by excess proliferation, apoptosis resistance, inflammation, fibrosis, and …

In the last decade, there has been renewed interest in the study of the right ventricle. It is
now well established that right ventricular function is a strong predictor of mortality, not only …

Pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPi) is a haemodynamic parameter that is derived from
right atrial and pulmonary artery pulse pressures. A number of reports have described the …

Pulmonary hypertension (PH), previously defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure of
greater than 25 mm Hg, has recently been redefined by the Sixth World Symposium on …

Background Persistent congestion with deteriorating renal function is an important cause of
adverse outcomes in heart failure. We aimed to characterize new approaches to evaluate …

Drug dosing in critically ill patients is challenging due to the altered drug pharmacokinetics–
pharmacodynamics associated with systemic therapies. For many drug therapies, there is …