Background Worldwide, the annual number of robotic surgical procedures continues to
increase. Robotic surgical skills are unique from those used in either open or laparoscopic …

Background There is a need to standardize training in robotic surgery, including objective
assessment for accreditation. This systematic review aimed to identify objective tools for …

Objective Hepatobiliary surgery is a highly complex, low-volume specialty with long learning
curves necessary to achieve optimal outcomes. This creates significant challenges in both …

As the number of robotic surgery procedures has increased, so has the importance of
evaluating surgical skills in these techniques. It is difficult, however, to automatically and …

Dexterity and procedural knowledge are two critical skills that surgeons need to master to
perform accurate and safe surgical interventions. However, current training systems do not …

Methods: The curriculum consists of two phases: phase 1 (PGY 1–2): Complete 4 robotic
surgery training modules; read two assigned robotic surgery articles; and practice simulation …

Training of surgeons is essential for safe and effective use of robotic surgery, yet current
assessment tools for learning progression are limited. The objective of this study was to …

This study sought to develop basic robotic surgical skills among surgical trainees across
multiple specialties using a VR-based curriculum and provided objective, on-demand …

Background There is limited evidence on the transferability of conventional laparoscopic
and open surgical skills to robotic-assisted surgery. The primary aim of this study was to …

Background While it is often claimed that virtual reality (VR) training system can offer self-
directed and mentor-free skill learning using the system's performance metrics (PM), no …