The blood-brain barrier and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier are major obstacles in
central nervous system (CNS) drug delivery, since they block most molecules from entering …

Decreased smell function is related to brain health, future mortality, and quality of life. Most
people inflicted with the SARS-CoV-2 virus evidence some measurable smell dysfunction …

Decreased olfactory function is very common in the older population, being present in over
half of those between the ages of 65 and 80 years and in over three quarters of those over …

In patients with neurodegenerative diseases, there is a spectrum of smell dysfunction
ranging from severe loss, as seen in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, to …

Olfactory dysfunction is among the earliest nonmotor features of Parkinson disease (PD).
Such dysfunction is present in approximately 90% of early-stage PD cases and can precede …

Olfactory deficits are present in numerous neurodegenerative disorders and are
accompanied by pathology in related brain regions. In several of these disorders, olfactory …

Olfactory dysfunction is an early 'pre-clinical'sign of Parkinson's disease (PD). The present
review is a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of such dysfunction in PD and …

Inflammatory processes have a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of stroke. A key
initial event is the rapid activation of resident immune cells, primarily microglia. This cell …

The past 20 years have seen a gain in knowledge on microglia biology and microglia
functions in disease that exceeds the expectations formulated when the microglia “immune …

Brain infarction causes tissue death by ischemia due to occlusion of the cerebral vessels
and recent work has shown that post stroke inflammation contributes significantly to the …