Introduction The unique mucosal immune system allows the generation of robust protective
immune responses at the front line of pathogen encounters. The needle-free delivery route …

mRNA-based vaccines were effective in contrasting SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, they
presented several limitations of storage and supply chain, and their parenteral …

Background Developing effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 that consider
manufacturing limitations, equitable access, and acceptance is necessary for developing …

Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis), the first genetically modified Generally Recognized As Safe
(GRAS) category Lactic Acid producing Bacteria (LAB), is best known for its generalized …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global
pandemic of infectious disease characterized by significant morbidity, symptomatic …

Largemouth bass virus (LMBV) is a highly pathogenic pathogen that often causes high
mortality of affected largemouth bass and significant financial losses. Type I interferon as an …

mRNA-based vaccines were effective in contrasting SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, they
presented several limitations of storage and supply chain, and their parenteral …

Background: Lactococcus lactis is a promising oral vaccine carrier. However, to improve the
stability of the bacteria, the freeze-drying method and formulation need to be optimised …

Vaccination is an effective method to suppress COVID-19 transmission, but injection-based
vaccination is less effective due to its inability to induce mucosal immunity. This study aimed …

Codon codes directly in the form of vector or 3D molecular to support feature learning often
impede machine learning reading for the epitope classification process in extracting feature …